The recent passing of Prince Karim Aga Khan IV has sparked curiosity, especially about his burial in Aswan, Egypt. Many are wondering: Who was he? Why is he being buried in Aswan? What is his family’s connection to Egypt? In this article, we break down everything you need to know about the Aga Khan legacy, his contributions, and his family’s deep historical ties to Egypt.

Who Was Prince Karim Aga Khan IV?

Born on December 13, 1936, in Geneva, Switzerland, Prince Karim Aga Khan IV was the 49th hereditary Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims. He took on the role in 1957, following the death of his grandfather, Aga Khan III, when he was just 20 years old. Throughout his life, he played a pivotal role in leading the Ismaili community and fostering global development projects.

As a leader, Aga Khan IV was known for his extensive philanthropy, economic development efforts, and cultural preservation projects. He spearheaded initiatives that focused on education, healthcare, and poverty alleviation in various countries, including Egypt.

Despite his Egyptian-sounding name, Karim Aga Khan IV was not Egyptian. His family lineage traces back to Persian and Central Asian origins, with roots in the Fatimid Caliphate, which ruled Egypt from 969 to 1171 CE. His ancestors played a significant role in Islamic history, but the Aga Khans themselves have historically been based in Persia, India, and Europe.

He passed away on February 4, 2025, in Lisbon, Portugal, at the age of 88. His funeral service was held in Lisbon, attended by global leaders, including Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Spain’s King Emeritus Juan Carlos.

What Was Aga Khan IV’s Contribution to Egypt?

Aga Khan IV’s contributions to Egypt extended far beyond personal connections. Through the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), he played a vital role in urban development, cultural restoration, and economic projects. Some of his most notable contributions include:

1. Al-Azhar Park and Cairo’s Historic Revitalization

• In 1984, Aga Khan IV launched a project to transform a 500-year-old debris site into what is now Al-Azhar Park, one of Cairo’s most beautiful green spaces.
• This project led to the discovery and restoration of the Ayyubid Wall, a historically significant structure.
• The initiative also contributed to the revitalization of the Darb al-Ahmar district, improving housing and infrastructure for local residents.

2. Cultural and Educational Support

• The Aga Khan Foundation helped restore historic mosques and buildings in Cairo, preserving Islamic architectural heritage.
• The Aga Khan Music Programme supported Egyptian musicians and the preservation of traditional music.
• Partnered with local organizations in Aswan to promote sustainable development and education.

3. Philanthropic Efforts in Egypt

• Through the Om Habibeh Foundation, named after his grandmother (the wife of Aga Khan III), Aga Khan IV supported healthcare, education, and vocational training programs for underprivileged communities.
• His foundation played a key role in improving social services in Aswan.

Why Is He Being Buried in Aswan?

One of the most common questions surrounding Aga Khan IV’s passing is why he chose Aswan as his final resting place. The answer lies in his family’s deep connection to the city, specifically through Aga Khan III.

His grandfather, Aga Khan III, had a special affinity for Aswan’s warm climate, which helped alleviate his rheumatism. Following his passing in 1957, he was buried in a specially constructed Fatimid-style mausoleum overlooking the Nile. This structure remains a significant landmark in Aswan today.

Aga Khan IV chose to be laid to rest beside his grandfather, maintaining this historical and spiritual connection. His burial in Aswan symbolizes not only a personal and family bond with the city but also a historical tribute to the Fatimid legacy, which the Ismaili community traces its roots to.

But Who’s His Grandfather Aga Khan III and What Are His Contributions to Egypt?

Aga Khan III, Sultan Muhammad Shah, was one of the most influential figures of the 20th century. Born in 1877, he was the 48th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims and a major political and religious leader. His impact extended beyond the Ismaili community and into international politics, diplomacy, and social reform.

1. His Role in International Politics

• Served as President of the League of Nations (1937–1938), the precursor to the United Nations.
• Advocated for Muslim modernization, women’s rights, and global cooperation.

2. Connection to Egypt

• Aga Khan III spent a significant portion of his later life in Aswan, where the warm climate helped relieve his rheumatism.
• He was deeply involved in charitable and cultural projects in Egypt.
• His mausoleum in Aswan, built in the Fatimid architectural style, remains an iconic landmark.

3. Legacy and His Influence on Aga Khan IV

• His grandson, Aga Khan IV, continued his vision, emphasizing education, healthcare, and economic progress for the Ismaili community and beyond.
• His burial in Aswan set a precedent for his family’s lasting connection to Egypt, influencing Aga Khan IV’s decision to be buried there as well.

Now Who Are the Nizari Ismaili Muslims?

The Nizari Ismaili Muslims are a branch of Shia Islam that has played a significant role in Islamic history. Unlike the Twelver Shia, who believe in a hidden Imam, the Nizaris follow a living, present Imam, who provides spiritual and worldly guidance to the community.

Today, they are led by the Aga Khan, a direct descendant of Imam Ali and Fatima, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad. The community has a strong emphasis on education, economic development, and interfaith cooperation, with followers spread across South Asia, Central Asia, East Africa, and the Middle East.

Historically, the Nizari Ismailis were known for their strategic resistance against powerful empires. One of their most famous historical branches was the Hashashin (Assassins), a secretive group that operated between the 11th and 13th centuries in Persia and Syria.

Under the leadership of Hasan al-Sabbah, they established Alamut Castle in Persia, which became a center of learning, strategy, and military resistance. The Hashashin were known for their targeted assassinations of political figures, which earned them both fear and legend. Their tactics and legacy even inspired the term “Assassin”, which later influenced the Assassin’s Creed video game series, and the Egyptian series “Al-Hashashin.“

However, while the Hashashin were militant in nature, the modern Nizari Ismailis have completely transformed their approach.

Under the leadership of the Aga Khans, the community has moved away from conflict and instead focuses on humanitarian efforts, education, and development.

The Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), one of the world’s largest private development organizations, works to improve healthcare, education, and economic opportunities in various countries, including Egypt.

Despite this historical connection to the Hashashin, today’s Nizari Ismailis are recognized for their peaceful contributions rather than military strategy. Their work continues to reflect the community’s values of intellectual growth, social progress, and cultural preservation, particularly in regions where they have had a historical presence, such as Egypt.

The Nizari Ismaili Muslims have a long and complex history that intertwines with major events in the Islamic world. One of their most famous historical branches was the Hashashin (Assassins), a secretive militant group that operated during the 11th to 13th centuries in Persia and Syria.

A Lasting Legacy: Aga Khan IV’s Impact and Memory

Prince Karim Aga Khan IV was more than just a religious leader; he was a visionary philanthropist and global humanitarian. His decision to be buried in Aswan reflects not just a family tradition, but a historical and cultural significance tied to the Fatimid legacy and his contributions to Egypt.

His work in urban development, cultural restoration, and social services leaves a lasting impact, ensuring that his legacy continues to benefit Egypt and the world for generations to come.